Suchergebnisse

This paper deals with three major problems in the views of Korean senior civil servants on power, time and community. First, Korean senior civil servants regard power as the most valuable and their attitudes are highly authoritarian. Second, they focus on short-term rather than long-term aspects in decision making and planning. Third, the primary group instead of the secondary group is preferred and the proper relationship between individualism and collectivism is misunderstood. The paper, then, proposes prescriptive methods to deal with the three problems from three dimensions: (1) in social dimension, to promote group activities on the basis of democratic education and to improve their participation and autonomy; (2) in economic dimension, to lessen the governmental regulation over the private economy and to strengthen private independent sector; (3) in political dimension, to improve the political stability and responsibility.

Since the Military Revolution in 1961 Korean government officials have been concerned about solving problems involved in agricultural or food policy. However, farmers are still kept in a predicament mainly due to the improperties contained in the policy-making process. In this study, to define the reasons for the difficulties involved in food policy, policy-making process as well as its specifications were examined based on the objectives, participants, and the contents of food policy in Korea. Because policy-making is largely dependent upon political or administrative structures, a comparative study was conducted to see the radical changes in food policy before and after the Yu-shin Revitalizing Reformation in 1972. Before the Reformation, farmers fell victim for the economic development which was the moral obligations of the military government. Thus top priority in food policy was set on price stabilization rather than achieving self-sufficient food supply or boosting farmers' incomes. Likewise government officials were more concerned about politics, that is, winning elections. However, political concern has become less decisive after the Reformation, and administrative power has become more dominant in terms of policy-making. In addition to such a change, food supply situation has deteriorated due to poor harvests and the public's improved diet. Therefore, rice price has been maintained at a considerably high level, and government officials have become aware of the importance of boosting farmers' incomes. But there still is a room for improvement on the part of participants.